报告题目：Genomics-assisted allele mining and its integration to breeding in rice

报 告 人：Dr. Masahiro Yano (National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Japan)

　　　　　矢野昌裕博士

　　　　　日本国立农业生物资源研究所，QTL基因组育种研究中心主任

　　　　　日本筑波大学生命环境科学教授

报告时间：2010年9月8日，上午10:00

报告地点： B210报告厅
联 系 人：薛勇彪
联系电话：62552880

Progresses on recent genomics in rice have provided a new tools and opportunities to enhance activity in crop improvement. Elucidation of the association between nucleotide and phenotypic changes is inevitable to this end and has been a big challenge in molecular genetics and breeding of rice. Toward this goal, we have been involved in the genetic dissection of natural phenotypic variations in rice and have identified several genes involved in complex traits, including heading date, shattering habit, pre-harvest sprouting, root morphology, disease resistance and eating quality. To enhance the power of genetic dissection of complex phenotypes, we are developing several mapping populations, such as recombinant inbred lines and chromosome segment substitution lines, which will allow us to extract the useful alleles from natural variants. Recently, QTL for durable resistance to rice blast has been cloned from Japanese upland rice. This finding has opened new opportunity to introduction of the unique blast resistance gene without a linkage drag of low eating quality. We have also detected a major QTL for deeper rooting on chromosome 9. This finding has open new opportunity to enhance drought avoidance in rice. To facilitate allele mining using novel plant materials, we have also embarked on the genome-wide discovery of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). In particular, to overcome a shortage of SNPs among temperate japonica cultivars, we have attempted whole-genome sequencing of several Japanese cultivars using next-generation sequencing approaches. This SNP discovery has led to the development of an array-based SNP genotyping system in Japanese rice cultivars. Large-scale genotyping of these SNPs has made it possible to visualize pedigree haplotypes of particular chromosome segments in the Japanese landraces and modern cultivars. These efforts in genomics have opened up new opportunities to accelerate not only the genetic dissection of complex traits, but also integration of genomics to breeding in rice.