Tiller angle and leaf angle are two important components of rice plant architecture that play a crucial role in determining grain yield. Here, we report the cloning and characterization of the Loose Plant Architecture 1 (LPA1) gene in rice, the functional ortholog of AtIDD15/SHOOT GRAVITROPISM 5 (SGR5) gene. LPA1 regulates tiller angle and leaf angle by controlling the adaxial growth of tiller node and lamina joint. LPA1 was also found to affect shoot gravitropism. Expression pattern analysis suggested that LPA1 influences plant architecture by affecting the gravitropism of leaf sheath pulvinus and lamina joint. However, LPA1 only influences gravity perception or signal transduction in coleoptile gravitropism by regulating the sedimentation rate of amyloplasts, distinct from the actions of LAZY1. LPA1 encodes a plant-specific INDETERMINATE domain (IDD) protein and defines a novel subfamily of 28 IDD proteins with several unique conserved features. LPA1 is localized in the nucleus and functions as an active transcriptional repressor, an activity mainly conferred by a conserved ERF-associated amphiphilic repression (EAR)-like motif. Further analysis suggests that LPA1 participates in a complicated transcriptional and protein interaction network, and has evolved novel functions distinct from SGR5. This study not only facilitates to the understanding of gravitropism mechanisms, but also generates a useful genetic material for rice breeding.