New Insights on the Evolution of Nucleolar Dominance in Newly Resynthesized Hexaploid Wheat Triticum Zhukovskyi
    作者: Yuhong Huang, Yang Liu,Xianrui Guo, Chaolan Fan, Congyang Yi, Qinghua Shi, Handong Su, Chang Liu, Jing Yuan, Dengcai Liu, Wuyun Yang and Fangpu Han
    刊物名称: The Plant Journal
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    摘要:
    Nucleolar dominance (ND) is a widespread epigenetic phenomenon in hybridizations where nucleolus transcription fails at the nucleolus organizing region (NOR). However, the dynamics of NORs during the formation of Triticum zhukovskyi (GGAuAuAmAm), another evolutionary branch of allohexaploid wheat, remains poorly understood. Here, we elucidated genetic and epigenetic changes occurring at the NOR loci within the Am, G, and D subgenomes during allopolyploidization by synthesizing hexaploid wheat GGAuAuAmAm and GGAuAuDD. In T. zhukovskyi, Au genome NORs from T. timopheevii (GGAuAu) were lost, while the second incoming NORs from T. monococcum (Am Am) were retained. Analysis of the synthesized T. zhukovskyi revealed that rRNA genes from the Am genome were silenced in F1 hybrids (GAuAm) and remained inactive after genome doubling and subsequent self-pollinations. We observed increased DNA methylation accompanying the inactivation of NORs in the Am genome and found that silencing of NORs in the S1 generation could be reversed by the cytidine methylase inhibitor. Our findings provide insights into the ND process during the evolutionary period of T. zhukovskyi and highlight inactive rDNA units may serve as a "first reserve" in the form of R-loops, contributing to the successful evolution of T. zhukovskyi.