Plant development is a serial and dynamic process that encompasses various stages, from embryogenesis to senescence, influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. This review provides an in-depth exploration of the mechanisms underlying plant growth and development, highlighting key morphogenesis processes such as photomorphogenesis, plant growth, shoot branching, floral transition, flower development, fruit development and reproductivity specification. We delve into the molecular genetics of plant development, focusing on regulator and signaling pathways that govern critical developmental events. Furthermore, we discuss the role of phytohormones, including auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins, abscisic acid, and ethylene, in regulating developmental transitions. The interaction between plants and their environment, particularly light, temperature, and nutrient availability, is also examined, emphasizing how these external cues impact developmental pathways. Overall, this comprehensive overview offers insights into the intricate interplay between genetic programs and environmental stimuli in shaping plant architecture and life cycle, which will facilitate smart breeding and intelligent cultivation.